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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: name of `a turban-like head-gear, worn only by the Persian kings (Ctes., Ph., Plu.), also of the turban of the Jewish highpriest (LXX); name of an Arcadian dance (Ath. 14, 631d).

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] orient.

Etymology: Foreign word of unknown source; Grimme Glotta 14, 16 supposes Hitt.-oriental. origin. Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971)63 mentions Hebr. ktr mlkwt, Aram. kitrā.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: name of `a turban-like head-gear, worn only by the Persian kings (Ctes., Ph., Plu.), also of the turban of the Jewish highpriest (LXX); name of an Arcadian dance (Ath. 14, 631d).

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] orient.

Etymology: Foreign word of unknown source; Grimme Glotta 14, 16 supposes Hitt.-oriental. origin. Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971)63 mentions Hebr. ktr mlkwt, Aram. kitrā.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `lion' (Il.), dat. pl. also λείουσι (Il.; metr. length., cf. Schwyzer 571, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 102),

Dialectal forms: Myc. instr. rewopi \/lewomphi\/, rewotejo \/lewonteios\/

Compounds: Compp., e.g λεοντό-πους `lionfooted' (E., inscr.) with λεοντο-πόδιον plantname (Dsc.; cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 42), χαμαι-λέων `lizard, `Chamaileon' (Arist.; Risch IF 59, 256), also as plantn. (Thphr., Dsc.; because of the changing colour, Strömberg 110); on - λέων, - λέωνος in PN (second.) Bechtel Hist. Personenn. 277. Cf. on λεό-παρδος.

Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: λεόντ-ιον (Theognost. Can., Med.), - άριον (inscr., pap.), also as f. PN (Epicur), - ίς `lion-like ornament' (Lydia), - ιδεύς `young lion' (Ael., Boßhardt 126). 2. λεοντέη, - τῆ f. `lion skin' (IA.). - 3. Adj. λεόντ-ειος `of a lion, lionlike' (A., Theoc., AP), ; - ώδης `lionlike' (Pl., Arist.), - ικός `of a lion' (Porph.), - ιανός `born under the sign of a lion' ( Cat. Cod. Astr.). 4. Adv. λεοντ-ηδόν `like a lion' (LXX; Schwyzer 626). - 5. λεοντ-ιάω with - ίασις name of a disease (medic.; after ἐλεφαντ-ιάω, - ίασις). - 6. PN Λεοντ-εύς, - ίας etc., s. Boßhardt 72, Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 276 f., Namenst. 36. - Fem. λέαινα `lioness' (Hdt., A., Ar.). Acc. to λέαινα λέων was like δράκων a. o. orig. an n-stem (diff Specht KZ 63, 221: sec. loss of dental in λέαινα).

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] SemitX

Etymology: LW [loanword] of unknown source; Hebr. lābī', Assyr. labbu, Egypt. labu are rather diff. phonetcally. From λέων Lat. leō, - ōnis (n-stem Lat. innovation); from there direct or indirectly the Europ. forms like OIr. leon (gen. pl.), OE. lēo, OHG lewo (from there Slav., e.g. Russ. lev, with Lith. lẽvas), second. louwo (\> Latv. laũva), Löwe. Details in W.-Hofrnann s. leō, Vasmer Wb. s. lev, Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 18 f. - On itself stands λῖς ( λίς; on the acc. Berger Münch. Stud. 3, 6 f.), acc. λῖν m. `lion' (Il.; Schwyzer 570f.), already by Pott and Benfey compared with resembling Hebr. lajiš `lion'.

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `honey' (Il.).

Dialectal forms: Myc. meri.

Compounds: Very often as 1. member, e.g. μελί-κρᾱ-τον, Ion. - κρη-τον "honey-mix", `sacrifice of milk and honey' (Od.), compound with κεράν-νυμι (s. v.); also μελιτο-, e.g. μελιτο-πώλης m. `honey-trader' (Ar.); as 2. member a. o. in οἰνό-μελι `drink from wine and honey' (Plb.; cf. Risch IF 59, 58); on ἀπό-μελι s. v.

Derivatives: A. Several adj.: μελιτόεις `honeysweet' (Pi.), f. μελιτόεσσα (sc. μᾶζα), Att. μελιτοῦττα `honey-cake' (Hdt., Ar.; Schwyzer 528, Chantraine Form. 272), μελιτ-ηρός `belonging to honey, honey-like' (Ar.. Thphr.), - ινος `made from h.' (pap.), - ώδης `honey-like' (Thphr.). Prob. also μελι-χρός `honey-sweet' (Alc., Anacr., Hp., Telecl., Theoc.), cf. πενι-χρός βδελυ-χ-ρός and Chantraine Form. 225 f., Hamm Grammatik 77 w. n. 118. Acc. to Sommer Nominalkomp. 26 n. 3 (where extensive treatment) however Aeol. for μελί-χρως `honey-coloured', after Schwyzer 450 for - χροος. -- B. Subst. μελίτ(ε)ιον n. `mead' (Plu.); μελιτόν κηρίον, η τὸ ἑφθὸν γλεῦκος H.; μελιτίτης ( λίθος) `topaz', ( οἶνος) `honey-wine' (Dsc.; Redard 57 a. 97); μελίτεια f. `Melissa officinalis' (Theoc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 119); μελιτισμός m. `treatment with h.' (medic.) as if from *μελιτίζειν. -- C. Verb. μελιτόομαι `mix with h., be sweetened with h.' (Th., Plu.) with μελίτωμα `honey-cake' (Com.), - ωσις `sweetening' ( Gloss.). -- On its own stands μέλισσα, - ττα f. `bee' (Il.), after Schwyzer Glotta 6, 84ff. (thus Fraenkel Glotta 32, 21) haplological for *μελί-λιχ-ι̯α "honey-leckering"; compare Skt. madhu-lih- m. "honey-lecker" = `bee'; acc. to others however from *μέλιτ-ι̯α, e.g. Lohmann Genus und Sexus (Erg. -h. 10 to KZ) 82 recalling Arm. meɫu `bee' from meɫr `honey' (thus Schwyzer 320). From it several compp. and derivv., e.g. μελισσουργός (- ττ-) `apiarist' (Pl., Arist.) with - έω, - ία, - εῖον, μελισσεύς `id.' (Arist., pap.; Boßhardt 61), also (with diff. origin) as PN (Boßhardt 123f.); μελίσσιον `bee-hive' (pap. III^a; Georgacas Glotta 36, 170), - ία `id.' (Gp.; Scheller Oxytonierung 45), - ών `id.' (LXX) etc. -- On βλίττω s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [723] *meli(t) `honey'

Etymology: Old inherited word for `honey', with Hitt. milit ( = melit) n. directly identical; further with thematic enlargment Goth. miliÞ and Alb. mjaltë (IE * meli-t-o-m). Also Celt., e.g. OIr. mil, and Lat. mel can go back on * meli-t; the -t was prob. originally only at home in the nom.-acc. (Unclear Lat. gen. mellis: from *mel-n-és?; cf. on μείλιχος). Arm. meɫr, gen. meɫu was supposedly after the synonymous *médhu (= μέθυ, s. v.) transferred to the u-stems. From unknown source stems μελίτιον πόμα τι Σκυθικὸν μέλιτος ἑψομένου σὺν ὕδατι καὶ πόᾳ τινί H. -- Details in WP. 2, 296, Pok. 723f., W.-Hofmann s. mel; cf. (on the spread) Porzig Gliederung 202 f.

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Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: κόφινος ὦτα ἔχων, ὅς καὶ ἄρριχος H. (Call. Fr. anon. 102).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: No convincing etymology. H. Petersson (s. WP. 2, 273; negative) compares βρόχος (s.v.) or OSwed. miær-dher `bow-net' etc. (s. μάραθον) with υ as zero grade as in μύλη; after P. here also μόργος `body of a wicker cart' (other explanation s.v.). Diff. Grošelj Živa Ant. 5, 112 (to Etr. murś `urna'). After Forbes Glotta 36, 271 LW [loanword] from unknown source. Fur. 65 accepts Grošelj's comparison with Etruscan, and compares (213) βυρρός κάνθαρος. Τυρρηνοί

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `pea, Pisum arvense' (com., Thphr.).

Other forms: Also - ον n.

Derivatives: πίσινος `made out of peas' (Ar.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: LW [loanword] from unknown source (Thrakophryg. after Boisacq MSL 17, 58). Identical, prob. as loan, Lat. pisum; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v. -- Furnée 260 n. 48 connects πῖδαξ `spring', and considers it Pre-Greek.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `pretext' Call. Cer. 73, fr. 26).

Other forms: Dor. -ᾱ

Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]

Etymology: Archaic or dialectal word, of unknown source. Acc. to Eust. 1109, 39 fom (a further unattested) προχαίνω, which is tranlated with προφασίζομαι; not convincing. After sch. on S. Ant. 80 however from προ-έχομαι `pretend', prob. correct. Basis *προ-οχάνη, with elision in the compound.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `triangular string instrument with four strings' (Arist. etc.), metaph. `scaling ladder' (Plb. etc.; on the semant. motivation s. Ath. 14, 634 a).

Other forms: H. also ζ-.

Derivatives: σαμβυκ-ιστής, f. - ίστρια `sambyke-player (m\/f)' (hell. poet., Plu.; after κιθαριστής, - ίστρια).

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Semit.?

Etymology: Orient. LW [loanword] of unknown source; s. E. Masson Recherches 91 ff. w. extensive meaning and criticism of earlier views (to Hebr. š ^ebākā `lattice' a.o.). On the secondary nasalisation Schwyzer 231 f. w. lit. -- Lat. LW [loanword] sambūca (cf. W.-Hofmann s.v.).

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `sandarac, red arsenic sulphide, realgar, red orpiment' (Hp., Arist., Thphr. a.o.), `bee-bread' (Arist.).

Compounds: σανδαρακ-ούργιον n. `sandarac pit' (Str.).

Derivatives: - ινος `sandarac-coloured, bright red' (Hdt. α.ο.), - ίζω `to be sandarac-coloured' (Dsc.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Orient. LW [loanword] of unknown source. Nehring Glotta 14. 182 reminds of the PlN Σανδαράκη (harbour-town on the Black-Sea). Acc. to a quite uncertain supposition by Uhlenbeck PBBeitr. 19, 327ff. from OInd. * candra-rāga- `moon-coloured' (?), which Cuendet (s. Mayrhofer s. candanaḥ) would like to change in a as hypothetic * candana-rāga- `sand-coloured'. -- The variation κ\/χ points to a Pre-Greek word. Cf. on σάνδυξ.

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: name of `a plant esp. known from Cyrene', `silphium'.

Other forms: Byform σέλπον σίλφιον H.

Derivatives: σιλφιωτός (Ar.), σεσιλφιωμένος (Philox., not certain) `prepared with s.', σιλφιόεις `made of S.' (Nic.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Together with Lat. sirpe `id.' LW [loanword] of unknown source. Hypotheses in W.-Hofmann s. v. -- Furnée 163 etc. recalls Berb. aselbu `iuncus maritimus'.

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σῶμα, ατος, τό (Hom.+) ‘body.’

① body of a human being or animal, body

ⓐ dead body, corpse (so always in Hom. [but s. HHerter, σῶμα bei Homer: Charites, Studien zur Altertumswissenschaft, ELanglotz Festschr., ed. KvonSchauenburg ’57, 206–17] and oft. later, e.g. Memnon: 434 Fgm. 1, 3, 3 Jac. καίειν τὸ ς.=burn the corpse; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 2:27; TestJob 52:11; ApcMos 34 al.; Philo, Abr. 258; Jos., Bell. 6, 276, Ant. 18, 236; Ar. 4, 3; Mel., P. 28, 196) Mt 14:12 v.l.; 27:59; Mk 15:45 v.l.; Lk 17:37; Ac 9:40; GPt 2:4; pl. J 19:31. W. gen. Mt 27:58; Mk 15:43; Lk 23:52, 55; 24:3, 23; J 19:38ab, 40; 20:12; Jd 9; GPt 2:3. Pl. Mt 27:52; Hb 13:11. AcPlCor 2:27.

ⓑ the living body (Hes. et al.) of animals Js 3:3.—Mostly of human beings Mt 5:29f; 6:22f; 26:12; Mk 5:29; 14:8; Lk 11:34abc; J 2:21; Ro 1:24; 1 Cor 6:18ab; IRo 5:3. τὰ τοῦ σώματος the parts of the body 4:2. Of women αἱ ἀσθενεῖς τῷ σώματι 1 Cl 6:2; cp. Hv 3, 11, 4.—W. and in contrast to πνεῦμα (4 Macc 11:11) Ro 8:10, 13; 1 Cor 5:3; 7:34; Js 2:26. W. and in contrast to ψυχή (Pla., Gorg. 47, 493a; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 30; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 112 §467; Ael. Aristid. 45, 17f K.=8 p. 88f D.; Lucian, Imag. 23; PGM 7, 589; Wsd 1:4; 8:19f; 2 Macc 7:37; 14:38; 4 Macc 1:28; ApcEsdr 7:3 p. 32, 13 Tdf.; EpArist 139; Philo; Jos., Bell. 3, 372–78; 6, 55; Just., A I, 8, 4; D. 6, 2 al.; Tat. 13, 1; Ath. 1, 4; Did., Gen. 56, 4; Theoph. Ant. 1, 5 [p. 66, 2]) Mt 6:25ab; 10:28ab; Lk 12:4 v.l., 22f; 2 Cl 5:4 (a saying of Jesus, fr. an unknown source); 12:4; MPol 14:2; AcPl Ha 1, 4. τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα (s. the Christian POxy 1161, 6 [IV A.D.]) 1 Th 5:23. W. and in contrast to its parts (ApcSed 11:13; Mel., P. 78, 563) Ro 12:4; 1 Cor 12:12abc (Ltzm. ad loc.), 14–20 (PMich 149, 4, 26 [II A.D.] ἧπαρ … ὅλον τὸ σῶμα); Js 3:6; 1 Cl 37:5abcd. The body as the seat of sexual function Ro 4:19; 1 Cor 7:4ab (rights over the σῶμα of one’s spouse as Artem. 1, 44 p. 42, 14f; Iren. 1, 13, 3 [Harv. I 119, 10]).—The body as seat of mortal life εἶναι ἐν σώματι be in the body = alive, subject to mortal ills (TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 3 [Stone p. 22]; Poryphr., Abst. 1, 38) Hb 13:3. ἐνδημεῖν ἐν τῷ σώματι 2 Cor 5:6 (s. ἐνδημέω). ἐκδημῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ σώματος vs. 8 (s. ἐκδημέω). διὰ τοῦ σώματος during the time of one’s mortal life (cp. Lucian, Menipp. 11, end, Catapl. 23) vs. 10 (s. κομίζω 3, but s. also below in this section). Paul does not know whether, in a moment of religious ecstasy, he was ἐν σώματι or ἐκτὸς (χωρὶς) τοῦ σώματος 12:2f (of Epimenides [A2: Vorsokrat.⁵ I p. 29] it was said ὡς ἐξίοι ἡ ψυχὴ ὁπόσον ἤθελε καιρὸν καὶ πάλιν εἰσῄει ἐν τῷ σώματι; Clearchus, Fgm. 7: καθάπερ ὁ Κλέαρχος ἐν τοῖς περὶ ὕπνου φησίν, περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς, ὡς ἄρα χωρίζεται τοῦ σώματος καὶ ὡς εἴσεισιν εἰς τὸ σῶμα καὶ ὡς χρῆται αὐτῷ οἷον καταγωγίῳ [a resting-place]. In Fgm. 8 Clearchus tells about Cleonymus the Athenian, who seemed to be dead, but awakened after 3 days and thereupon reported everything that he had seen and heard ἐπειδὴ χωρὶς ἦν τοῦ σώματος. His soul is said finally to have arrived εἴς τινα χῶρον ἱερὸν τῆς Ἑστίας; Maximus Tyr. 38, 3a–f Ἀριστέας ἔφασκεν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῷ καταλιποῦσαν τὸ σῶμα in order to wander through the universe. He finds faith everywhere. Similarly 10, 2f. See also the story of Hermotimus in Apollon. Paradox. 3 as well as Lucian, Musc. Enc. [The Fly] 7.—On the two kinds of transcendent vision [with or without the body] s. Proclus, In Pla. Rem Publ. II p. 121, 26ff Kroll: οἱ μὲν μετὰ τοῦ σώματος τῶν τοιούτων [like Ἐμπεδότιμος] ἵστορες [=eyewitnesses], οἱ δὲ ἄνευ σώματος [like Κλεώνυμος]. καὶ πλήρεις αἱ παραδόσεις τούτων.). ἀπὼν τῷ σώματι (παρὼν δὲ τῷ πνεύματι) 1 Cor 5:3. ἡ παρουσία τοῦ σώματος 2 Cor 10:10 (παρουσία 1). The body is the instrument of human experience and suffering 4:10ab; Gal 6:17 (allusion AcPlCor 2, 35); Phil 1:20; the body is the organ of a person’s activity: δοξάσατε τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῷ σώματι ὑμῶν glorify God through your body, i.e. by leading an upright life 1 Cor 6:20; cp. Ro 12:1. This may be the place (s. above in this section) for διὰ τοῦ σώματος 2 Cor 5:10 which, in that case, would be taken in an instrumental sense with or through the body (cp. Pla., Phd. 65a; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 13, 371c; Aelian, NA 5, 26 τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος πραττόμενα). In some of the last-named passages (such as Ro 12:1; Phil 1:20; also Eph 5:28 w. parallel in Plut., Mor. 142e: s. HAlmqvist, Plut. u. d. NT ’46, 116f) the body is almost synonymous w. the whole personality (as Aeschin., Or. 2, 58; X., An. 1, 9, 12 τὰ ἑαυτῶν σώματα=themselves. Appian, Syr. 41 §218 παρεδίδου τὸ σῶμα τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν ἀπαγαγεῖν=[Epaminondas] gave himself up to those who wished to take him away, Mithr. 27 §107 ἐς τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ=against his person, Bell. Civ. 2, 106 §442 Caesar’s person [σῶμα] is ἱερὸς καὶ ἄσυλος=sacred and inviolable; 3, 39 §157 ἔργον … σῶμα=course of action … person; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 55, 7 [III B.C.] ἑκάστου σώματος=for every person. See Wilcken’s note).—Because it is subject to sin and death, man’s mortal body as τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκός (σάρξ 2cα) Col 2:11 is a σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας Ro 6:6 or τοῦ θανάτου 7:24; cp. 8:11. In fact, σῶμα can actually take the place of σάρξ 8:13 (cp. Herm. Wr. 4, 6b ἐὰν μὴ πρῶτον τὸ σῶμα μισήσῃς, σεαυτὸν φιλῆσαι οὐ δύνασαι; 11, 21a.—Cp. Hippol., Ref. 5, 19, 6). As a σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως lowly body it stands in contrast to the σῶμα τῆς δόξης glorious body of the heavenly beings Phil 3:21. In another pass. σῶμα ψυχικόν of mortals is opposed to the σῶμα πνευματικόν after the resurrection 1 Cor 15:44abc.—Christ’s earthly body, which was subject to death (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 9, 13) Ro 7:4; Hb 10:5 (Ps 39:7 v.l.), 10; 1 Pt 2:24; AcPlCor 2:16f. τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ 2:32. τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ Col 1:22. Esp. in the language of the Eucharist (opp. αἷμα) Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19; 1 Cor 10:16 (GBornkamm, NTS 2, ’56, 202–6); 11:24, 27, 29. S. the lit. s.v. ἀγάπη 2 and εὐχαριστία 3, also JBonsirven, Biblica 29, ’48, 205–19.—ἓν σῶμα a single body 1 Cor 6:16 (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 66 Δαυίδης τήν τε ἄνω πόλιν κ. τὴν ἄκραν συνάψας ἐποίησεν ἕν σῶμα; Artem. 3, 66 p. 196, 9; RKempthorne, NTS 14. ’67/68, 568–74).

② pl. σώματα slaves (Herodas 2, 87 δοῦλα σώματα; Polyb. et al.; oft. Vett. Val.; ins, pap; Gen 36:6; Tob 10:10; Bel 32; 2 Macc 8:11; Jos., Ant. 14, 321; cp. our colloq. ‘get some bodies for the job’) Rv 18:13 (cp. Ezk 27:13; the abs. usage rejected by Atticists, s. Phryn. 378 Lob.).

③ plant and seed structure, body. In order to gain an answer to his own question in 1 Cor 15:35 ποίῳ σώματι ἔρχονται; (i.e. the dead after the resurrection), Paul speaks of bodies of plants (which are different in kind fr. the ‘body’ of the seed which is planted.—Maximus Tyr. 40, 60e makes a distinction betw. the σώματα of the plants, which grow old and pass away, and their σπέρματα, which endure.—σώματα of plants also in Apollon. Paradox. 7 [after Aristot.]) vs. 37f, and of σώματα ἐπουράνια of the heavenly bodies vs. 40 (cp. Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 2, 2 the stars as σώματα θεῖα; Maximus Tyr. 21, 8b οὐρανὸς κ. τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ σώματα, acc. to 11, 12a οἱ ἀστέρες; 40, 4h; Sallust. 9 p. 18, 5).

④ substantive reality, the thing itself, the reality in imagery of a body that casts a shadow, in contrast to σκιά (q.v. 3) Col 2:17.

⑤ a unified group of people, body fig. ext. of 1, of the Christian community or church (cp. Cyr. Ins. 58, ‘body of the Hellenes’; Polyaenus, Exc. 18, 4 of the phalanx; Libanius, Or. 1 p. 176, 25 F. τὸ τῆς πόλεως ς.; Plut., Philop. 360 [8, 2]), esp. as the body of Christ, which he fills or enlivens as its Spirit (in this case the head belongs with the body, as Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 26 §101, where a severed head is differentiated from τὸ ἄλλο σῶμα=the rest of the body), or crowns as its Head (Hdt. 7, 140; Quint. Smyrn. 11, 58; SIG 1169, 3; 15 κεφαλή w. σῶμα as someth. equally independent; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 79, 27): οἱ πολλοὶ ἓν σῶμά ἐσμεν ἐν Χριστῷ Ro 12:5. Cp. 1 Cor 10:17; 12:13, 27; Eph (s. Schlier s.v. ἐκκλησία 3c) 1:23; 2:16; 4:12, 16; 5:23, 30; Col 1:18, 24; 2:19; 3:15; ISm 1:2; Hs 9, 17, 5; 9, 18, 3f. ἓν σῶμα καὶ ἓν πνεῦμα Eph 4:4; cp. Hs 9, 13, 5; 7 (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 30, 167: all as ἓν σῶμα κ. μία ψυχή; also Just., D. 42, 3) διέλκομεν τὰ μέλη τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ στασιάζομεν πρὸς τὸ σῶμα τὸ ἴδιον 1 Cl 46:7.—T Schmidt, Der Leib Christi (σῶμα Χριστοῦ) 1919; EKäsemann, Leib u. Leib Christi ’33 (for a critique s. SHanson, Unity of the Church in the NT ’46, 113–16); ÉMersch, Le Corps mystique du Christ² ’36; AWikenhauser, D. Kirche als d. myst. Leib Christi, nach dem Ap. Pls² ’40; EPercy, D. Leib Christi in d. paulin. Homologumena u. Antilegomena ’42; RHirzel, Die Person: SBMünAk 1914 H. 10 p. 6–28 (semantic history of σῶμα); WKnox, Parallels to the NT use of σῶμα: JTS 39, ’38, 243–46; FDillistone, How Is the Church Christ’s Body?: Theology Today 2, ’45/46, 56–68; WGoossens, L’Église corps de Christ d’après St. Paul² ’49; CCraig, Soma Christou: The Joy of Study ’51, 73–85; JRobinson, The Body: A Study in Pauline Theol. ’52; RBultmann, Theol. of the NT, tr. KGrobel ’51, 192–203; HClavier, CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 342–62; CColpe, Zur Leib-Christi Vorstellung im Eph, ’60, 172–87; KGrobel, Bultmann Festschr. ’54, 52–59; HHegermann, TLZ 85, ’60, 839–42; ESchweizer, ibid. 86, ’61, 161–74; 241–56; JMeuzelaar, D. Leib des Messias, ’61; MDahl, The Resurrection of the Body, ’62; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 201–304; JZiegler, NovT 25, ’83, 133–45 (LXX); JDunn: JSNT Suppl. 100, ’94, 163–81 (Col.).—B. 198. New Docs 4, 38f. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

φοβέω (φέβομαι ‘flee in terror’; Hom. et al.; Wsd 17:9; Jos., Ant. 14, 456), in our lit. only pass. φοβέομαι (Hom.+; OGI 669, 59; SIG 1268 II, 17; pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Just.; Mel., P. 98, 746 al.; Ath. 20, 2; R. 21 p. 75, 1) impf. ἐφοβούμην; 1 fut. φοβηθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐφοβήθην (Plut., Brut. 1002 [40, 9]; M. Ant. 9, 1, 7; Jer 40:9; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 277; s. B-D-F §79).

① to be in an apprehensive state, be afraid, the aor. oft. in the sense become frightened

ⓐ intr., abs. (Iren. 1, 4, 2 [Harv. I 36, 4]) ἐφοβήθησαν σφόδρα they were terribly frightened (Ex 14:10; 1 Macc 12:52) Mt 17:6; 27:54. ἐπεστράφην φοβηθείς I turned around in terror Hv 4, 3, 7.—Mt 9:8; 14:30; 25:25; Mk 5:33; Ac 16:38. ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ for they were afraid Mk 16:8 (Mk 16:9–20 is now rarely considered a part of the original gospel of Mk, though many scholars doubt that the gosp. really ended w. the words ἐφ. γάρ. The original ending may have been lost; among the possible reasons given are the accidental loss of the last page of Mark’s own first copy [the same defect, at a very early stage, in the case of the 18th book of the Κεστοί of Jul. Africanus: WBauer, Orthodoxy etc. (Engl. tr. of 2d German ed. ’64) ’71, 159ff. S. also FKenyon, Papyrus Rolls and the Ending of St. Mk: JTS 40, ’39, 56f; CRoberts, The Ancient Book and the Ending of St. Mk: ibid. 253–57] or by purposeful suppression, perh. because it may have deviated fr. the other accounts of the resurrection [for the purposeful omission of the end of a document cp. Athen. 4, 61, 166d on the 10th book of Theopompus’ Philippica, ἀφʼ ἧς τινες τὸ τελευταῖον μέρος χωρίσαντες, ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν τὰ περὶ τῶν δημαγωγῶν. S. also Diog. L. 7, 34: a report of Isidorus of Pergamum on the systematic mutilation of books in the library there by Athenodorus the Stoic].—Those who conclude that nothing ever came after ἐφ. γάρ must either assume that the evangelist was prevented fr. finishing his work [Zahn et al.], or indeed intended to close the book w. these words [s. γάρ 1a]. For a short sentence, composed of a verb + γάρ s. also Epict. 3, 9, 19; 4, 8, 4; Artem. 4, 64; 1, 33 p. 35, 6; Plotinus, Ennead 5, 5, a treatise ending in γάρ [PvanderHorst, JTS 23, ’72, 121–24]; Musonius Rufus, Tr. XII; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 8; Libanius, Or. 53 p. 65, 20 F.; PMich 149 VI, 37 [II A.D.]. Among those favoring an ending w. γάρ: Wlh., Loisy, Lohmeyer ad loc.; ABauer, WienerStud 34, 1912, 306ff; LBrun, D. Auferst. Christi 1925, 10ff; OLinton, ThBl 8, 1929, 229–34; JCreed, JTS 31, 1930, 175–80; MGoguel, La foi à la résurr. de Jésus ’33, 176ff; HMosbech, Mkevangeliets Slutning: SEÅ 5, ’40, 56–73; WAllen, JTS 47, ’46, 46–49 [‘feel reverential awe’]; ibid. 48, ’47, 201–3. S. also EGoodspeed, Exp. 8th ser., 18, 1919, 155–60; reconstruction of the ‘lost’ ending, in Engl., by Goodsp. in his Introd. to the NT ’37, 156; HProbyn, Exp. 9th ser., 4, 1925, 120–25; RKevin, JBL 45, 1926, 81–103; MEnslin, ibid. 46, 1927, 62–68; HCadbury, ibid. 344f; MRist, ATR 14, ’32, 143–51; WKnox, HTR 35, ’42, 13ff; EHelzle, Der Schluss des Mk, ’59, diss. Tübingen; FDanker, CTM 38, ’67, 26f; JLuzarraga, Biblica 50, ’69, 497–510; KAland, MBlack Festschr., ’69, 157–80, NTEntwürfe, ’79, 246–83). φοβοῦμαι μᾶλλον I am all the more fearful IPhld 5:1. μὴ φοβηθῆτε do not be afraid Mt 10:31 v.l. (μή 1cεא). μὴ φοβοῦ, μὴ φοβεῖσθε you must no longer be afraid, stop being afraid (μή 1cγא) Mt 10:31; 14:27; 17:7; Mk 5:36; Lk 1:13, 30; 2:10; 5:10; 8:50; 12:7 al. LKöhler, D. Offenbarungsformel ‘Fürchte dich nicht!’: SchTZ 36, 1919, 33ff.—W. acc. of inner obj. (B-D-F §153; Rob. 468; Pla., Prot. 360b; Ael. Aristid. 30 p. 586 D.: φοβοῦμαι φόβον; Did., Gen. 230, 1; on LXX usage s. Johannessohn, Kasus 73) ὁ φόβος ὸ̔ν δεῖ σε φοβηθῆναι the fear which you must have Hm 7:1c. ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν (Jon 1:10; 1 Macc 10:8; TestAbr. B 13 p. 117, 17f [Stone p. 82]; JosAs 6:1) they were very much afraid Mk 4:41; Lk 2:9. If the nouns are to be taken in the pass. sense, this is also the place for τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν (objective gen.) μὴ φοβηθῆτε 1 Pt 3:14 (cp. Is 8:12) and μὴ φοβούμεναι μηδεμίαν πτόησιν vs. 6 (πτόησις 2); s. 1bγ below.—A recognizable Hellenic expr. (cp. ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν πολεμίων φόβος=fear in the face of the enemy), though encouraged by OT usage (Lev 26:2; Dt 1:29; Jer 1:8, 17; Jdth 5:23; 1 Macc 2:62; 8:12; En 106:4; Helbing 29; B-D-F §149; Rob. 577) φοβ. ἀπό τινος be afraid of someone Mt 10:28a; Lk 12:4; 1 Cl 56:11 (Job 5:22).—Foll. by gen. absol. 56:10. Foll. by μή and the aor. subj. to denote that which one fears (Thu. 1, 36, 1; Aesop, Fab. 317 H.=356a P.; Alex. Aphr. 31, II/2 p. 203, 20 τὸν Ἀπόλλω φοβεῖσθαι μή τι παρελθῇ τούτων ἄπρακτον=Apollo is concerned [almost as much as ‘sees to it’] that nothing of this remains undone; Jos., Ant. 10, 8, Vi. 252) Ac 23:10; 27:17; ITr 5:1; Hs 9, 20, 2. Foll. by μήποτε (Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 4 Jac. p. 1172, 30 φοβοῦμαι περὶ ὑμῶν, μήποτε; JosAs 7:3; ApcMos 16 al.): Hm 12, 5, 3. φοβηθῶμεν μήποτε δοκῇ τις Hb 4:1; μήπου (v.l. μήπως; ParJer 5:5) Ac 27:29; 2 Cor 11:3; 12:20. A notable feature is the prolepsis of the obj. (cp. Soph., Oed. R. 767; Thu. 4, 8, 7) φοβοῦμαι ὑμᾶς μήπως εἰκῇ κεκοπίακα εἰς ὑμᾶς I am afraid my work with you may be wasted Gal 4:11 (B-D-F §476, 3; Rob. 423).—W. inf. foll. be afraid to do or shrink from doing someth. (B-D-F §392, 1b.—X., An. 1, 3, 17 al.; Gen 19:30; 26:7; ApcMos 10:18) Mt 1:20; 2:22; Mk 9:32; Lk 9:45; 2 Cl 5:1.—φοβεῖσθαι abs. in the sense take care (Just., D. 78, 4) πλέον φοβεῖσθαι be more careful than usually ITr 4:1.

ⓑ trans. fear someone or someth.

α. pers. τινά someone (X., An. 3, 2, 19 al.; PGM 4, 2171; Num 21:34; Dt 3:2; Jos., Ant. 13, 26; Just., D. 83, 1) μὴ φοβηθῆτε αὐτούς Mt 10:26. Ἡρῴδης ἐφοβεῖτο τὸν Ἰωάννην Mt 6:20. τοὺς Ἰουδαίους J 9:22.—Gal 2:12; 2:5b (saying of Jesus). God (Did., Gen. 64, 15; Theoph. Ant. 1, 14 [p. 92, 11]) Mt 10:28b; Lk 12:5abc; 23:40; 2:5c (saying of Jesus). The crowd Mt 14:5; 21:26, 46; Mk 11:32; 12:12; Lk 20:19; 22:2; Ac 5:26 (foll. by μή). τὴν ἐξουσίαν (ἐξουσία 5a) Ro 13:3. The angel of repentance Hm 12, 4, 1; Hs 6, 2, 5. The Christian is to have no fear of the devil Hm 7:2a; 12, 4, 6f; 12, 5, 2.

β. animals (in imagery) μὴ φοβείσθωσαν τὰ ἀρνία τοὺς λύκους 2:5a (saying of Jesus, fr. an unknown source).

γ. things τὶ someth. (X., Hell. 4, 4, 8 al.; En 103:4; ApcEsdr 7:2 τὸν θάνατον; Just., D. 1, 5 κόλασιν; Ath., R. 21 p. 75, 1 οὐδέν; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 90; 2, 232) τὸ διάταγμα τοῦ βασιλέως Hb 11:23. τὸν θυμὸν τοῦ βασιλέως vs. 27. τὴν κρίσιν 2 Cl 18:2. τὸν ὄντως θάνατον Dg 10:7. φοβοῦμαι τὴν ὑμῶν ἀγάπην, μὴ … IRo 1:2. τὰ ὅπλα (in imagery) Hm 12, 2, 4.—1 Pt 3:14 and 6 belong here if the nouns in them are to be taken in an act. sense; s. 1a above.—Fear, avoid, shun τὶ someth. (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 41, 9 Δαρεῖος τὸ ἅρμα φοβηθείς) τὴν πλάνην τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν B 12:10. τὰ ἔργα τοῦ διαβόλου Hm 7:3ac.—AVStröm, Der Hirt des Hermas, Allegorie oder Wirklichkeit? Ntl. Sem. Uppsala 3, ’36.

② to have a profound measure of respect for, (have) reverence, respect, w. special ref. to fear of offending

ⓐ God: fear (differently 1bα) in the sense reverence (Aeschyl., Suppl. 893 δαίμονας; Isocr. 1, 16 τοὺς μὲν θεοὺς φοβοῦ, τοὺς δὲ γονεῖς τίμα; Pla., Leg. 11, 927a; Lysias 9, 17; 32, 17; Plut., De Superstit. 2, 165b; LXX; PsSol 4:21; TestJob 43:9 [τὸν κύριον]; JosAs 2:5 [deities]; Philo, Migr. Abr. 21 [after Gen 42:18]. Cp. PTebt 59, 10 [II B.C.] φοβεῖσθαι καὶ σέβεσθαι τὸ ἱερόν) Lk 1:50 (anticipates the οἱ φοβούμενοι in Ac: H-JKlauck, NTS 43, ’97, 134–39); 18:2, 4 (was Ex 23:1–3 his motto: even God could not bribe him?); Ac 10:35; 1 Pt 2:17; Rv 14:7; 19:5; 1 Cl 21:7; 23:1; 28:1; 45:6; B 10:10f (τὸν κύριον); 19:2, 7; Hm 1:2; 7:1, 4f; Hs 5, 1, 5; 8, 11, 2; D 4:10. Also τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ (2 Esdr 11) Rv 11:18.—φοβούμενοι τὸν θεόν as a t.t.=σεβόμενοι τὸν θεόν (σέβω 1b; t.t. disputed by MWilcox, JSNT 13, ’81, 102–22; cp. TFinn, CBQ 47, ’85, 75–84; ILevinskaya, The Book of Acts in Its Diaspora Setting [BAFCS V] ’96, 51–126; BWander, Gottesfürchtige und Sympathisanten [WUNT 104] ’98, esp. 80–86; 180–203) Ac 13:16, 26 (Just., D. 10, 4 al.; sing. 10:2, 22).—τὸν κύριον (PsSol 2:33; 3:12 al.; JosAs 8:9) Christ: Col 3:22.—WAllen (s. 1a above) interprets Mk 16:8 to mean reverence for the divine.

ⓑ pers. who command respect (Plut., Galba 1054 [3, 4]; Herodian 3, 13, 2; Lev 19:3 φοβ. πατέρα καὶ μητέρα; Jos., Ant. 19, 345): of a wife ἵνα φοβῆται τὸν ἄνδρα Eph 5:33. τὸν ἐπίσκοπον IEph 6:1.—RAC VIII 661–99; TRE XI 756–59; Schmidt, Syn. III 507–36. DELG s.v. φέβομαι II. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ὑπάγω impf. ὑπῆγον (Hom.+, but predom. trans. [=‘bring under’, etc.] in non-biblical Gk.; so also Ex 14:21; in NT gener. replaces ἀπέρχομαι). In our lit. (though not found at all in Ac, Paul, Hb; most frequently in John) used only intr. (so Hdt., Eur., Aristoph. et al.; oft. pap; JKalitsunakis, ByzZ 29, 1929, 228ff; also TestAbr B 6 p. 111, 1 [Stone p. 70]; TestJob 46, 5; JosAs 16:15; ParJer 7:11; ApcEsdr p. 25, 5 Tdf.; ApcSed 9:1) ‘go away, withdraw, go’ and only in the pres. (mostly in the impv.) and impf.—B-D-F §101 p. 43 under ἄγειν; 308: it tends more and more to mean simply ‘go’ in colloq. speech; so in Mod. Gk.

① to leave someone’s presence, go away (Epict. 3, 23, 12) ὕπαγε σατανᾶ be gone, Satan! Mt 4:10; combined w. ὀπίσω μου ibid.; v.l.; 16:23; Mk 8:33; Lk 4:8 v.l. ὑπάγετε ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ 2 Cl 4:5 (saying of Jesus, fr. an unknown source). μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς θέλετε ὑπάγειν; do you, too, want to go away (fr. me)? J 6:67.—ὕπαγε go (away) (PGM 4, 348; 371; 36, 354), esp. go home (Epict. 3, 22, 108) Mt 8:13; 19:21; 20:14; Mk 2:9 v.l.; 7:29; 10:52. On ὕπαγε εἰς εἰρήνην Mk 5:34 or ὑπάγετε ἐν εἰρήνῃ Js 2:16 cp. εἰρήνη 2a. In other moods than the impv. in the general sense go away J 18:8; Hs 8, 2, 5; 9, 10, 4; go away=leave Mk 6:33. ὑπάγουσα λέγει as she went she said Hv 1, 4, 3. ἄφετε αὐτὸν ὑπάγειν let him go (prob.= go home) J 11:44. Naturally the boundary betw. go away and go (elsewhere) is not fixed; cp. e.g. οἱ ἐρχόμενοι καὶ οἱ ὑπάγοντες people coming and going Mk 6:31.

② to be on the move, esp. in a certain direction, go

ⓐ in gener. (in a certain direction) w. the goal indicated by εἰς w. the acc. (Epict. 3, 22, 108; TestJob 46, 5; SEG VIII, 574, 19 [III A.D.]; PLond I, 131, 155 p. 174; 218 p. 176 [I A.D.]; al. in pap) Mt 9:6; 20:4, 7; Mk 2:11; 11:2; 14:13; Lk 19:30; J 6:21; 7:3; 9:11; 11:31; Hv 4, 1, 2; Hs 8, 3, 6; 9, 11, 6. Also in imagery of stones that go into a building = are used in its construction Hv 3, 5, 1 and 3; 3, 6, 2; Hs 9, 3, 3f. Fig. εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν ὑπάγειν go into captivity Rv 13:10; εἰς ἀπώλειαν 17:8, 11 (ApcEsdr 1:11). ὑπάγετε εἰς τὴν πόλιν πρὸς τὸν δεῖνα Mt 26:18; cp. Mk 5:19 (ὑπάγειν πρός τινα as PTebt 417, 4; 21). πρὸς Νέρωνα AcPl Ha 10, 15. ὑπάγειν μετά τινος (PTebt 422, 9 ὕπαγε μετὰ Μέλανος πρὸς Νεμεσᾶν) Mt 5:41=D 1:4; μετά τινος ἐπί τινα Lk 12:58. ἐκεῖ J 11:8. ποῦ (=ποῖ) 3:8; cp. IPhld 7:1; J 12:35. ὅπου ἂν ὑπάγῃ Rv 14:4 (cp. POxy 1477, 2 ὅπου ὑπάγω; TestLevi 13:3 ὅπου ὑπάγει). W. inf. of purpose ὑπάγω ἁλιεύειν J 21:3 (the only pass. in the NT; s. M-EBoismard, RB 54, ’47, 489; TestBenj ὑπάγειν αὐτὸν κρύψαι; TestAbr B 6 p. 111, 1 [Stone p. 70] ὑπάγω τηρῆσαι τὸν ἀδελφὸν Λὼτ ἀπὸ Σοδόμων).—The impv. ὕπαγε, ὑπάγετε is followed by another impv. in the NT almost always without a connective (Epict. 3, 21, 6; 22, 5; 23, 12 al.; Vi. Aesopi W 44 P. ὕπαγε, δός al.; ApcSed 9:1 ὕπαγε, λαβέ) ὕπαγε ἔλεγξον Mt 18:15; cp. 5:24; 8:4; 19:21; 21:28; 27:65; 28:10; Mk 1:44; 6:38; 10:21; 16:7; J 4:16; 9:7; Rv 10:8; AcPl Ha 7, 32. W. the conjunction καί (PTebt 417, 5f [III A.D.] ὕπαγε καὶ εἴδε) ὑπάγετε καὶ ἐκχέετε Rv 16:1; cp. Hv 3, 1, 7; 4, 2, 5; Hs 8, 11, 1; 9, 10, 1. ὑπάγετε καὶ ζητήσατε GJs 21:2 (codd.; cp. πορευθέντες ἐξετάσατε Mt 2:8).—Abs. go (the context supplies the destination) ὑπάγετε Mt 8:32; cp. 13:44; Lk 10:3; J 15:16. ἐν τῷ ὑπάγειν αὐτόν as he was going Lk 8:42; cp. 17:14.—J 12:11 (P⁶⁶ om. ὑπ.); Hv 3, 10, 2.

ⓑ used esp. of Christ and his going to the Father, characteristically of J. ὑπάγω πρὸς τὸν πέμψαντά με J 7:33; 16:5a; πρὸς τὸν πατέρα vss. 10, 17. ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐξῆλθεν καὶ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ὑπάγει 13:3. οἶδα πόθεν ἦλθον καὶ ποῦ ὑπάγω 8:14a; cp. b (GWetter, E. gnost. Formel im vierten Ev.: ZNW 18, 1918, 49–63). ὅπου ἐγὼ ὑπάγω ὑμεῖς οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν vs. 21b, 22; 13:33; cp. vs. 36b. Abs. ἐγὼ ὑπάγω I am taking my departure 8:21a. ὑπάγω καὶ ἔρχομαι I am going away and returning again 14:28. S. in addition 13:36a; 14:4, 5; 16:5b; 1J 2:11.

③ as euphemism to take the journey of death, die ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὑπάγει the Human One is to go away=he must die Mt 26:24; Mk 14:21.—B. 694. New Docs 4, 97; M-M. TW.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `flow, stream' (Il.).

Other forms: ipf. νᾶε(ν) A. R., Call., ναῖον ι 222), ναύει ῥέει, βλύζει H. (Aeol.), only presentstem except διαναῦσαι δια-πλεῦσαι H. and the ptc. aor. ἀμφι-ναέντος (Emp. 84).

Compounds: Rarely with ἀμφι-, δια-, περι.

Derivatives: 1. ναέτωρ ῥέων, πολύρρους H., νάτωρ (S. Fr. 270); 2. νᾱρός `welding, streaming' (A. Fr. 347 = 764 Mette, S. Fr. 621); 3. νᾶμα n. `flowing water, source, stream' (trag., Pl., X., Arist.) with ναμά-τιον dimin. (Thphr.), - τιαῖος `from sources, source' (Aeschin.), - τώδης `rich in sources' (Thphr.); 4. νασμός = νᾶμα (E.), - ώδης H. -- Prob. also 5. Ναϊάς, Ion. Νηϊάς (Od., A. R., AP), Ναΐς, Ion. Νηΐς f. (Il.) `Naiade', s. below.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: The present forms can all go back on *νάϜ-ι̯ω; the shortvocalic νᾰ́ω ( νάει, νάουσιν ζ 292, Φ 197) can as rhythmical variant stand for ναίω (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 167). Diff. Schwyzer 686 (with Schulze Q. 51 and Bechtel Lex. 234f.): *νάϜ-ω beside *νάϜ-ι̯ω; unnecessary. The ptc. ἀμφι-ναέντος (Emp. 84) was prob. formed after ῥυέντος. -- For the in Attic usual νᾶμα (s. v. Wilamowitz on Eur. Her. 625) a basic (but doubtful) form *ναϜεμα (*νάϜημα?) seems necessary; then also νᾱρός from *ναϜερός, νασμός from *ναϜεσμός, νάτωρ from *ναϜέτωρ; cf. Bechtel l.c. -- The longvocalic να-ϊάς, - ΐς, νη-ιάς, - ίς suppose a noun *νᾱϜ-α (cf. e.g. κρήν-η: - ιάς); prop. meaning then "daughter of a source". As all nymphs are considered as daughters of Zeus, the Naiades are connected with the Dodonäic Ζεὺς Νάϊος. A source in Dodona is only mentioned in late Latin writers, and Zeus as a god of sources is unknown (v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 228, Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 426 f.); the proper meaning of Νάϊος then remains unclear. If the Naiades have something to do at all with Ζεὺς Νάϊος, their qualification as daughters of a source must be left open. Agreements to νάω outside Greek are unknown. One compares the athematic long grade Skt. present snauti `drip', with the zero grade ptc. snuta-; further connections s. νέω and νήχω. Cf. also Νηρεύς.

Page in Frisk: 2, 294

1 origin (origen).

2 point of departure (punto de partida).

con procedencia de (arriving) from

3 properness, appropriateness (pertinencia).

4 procedence, origin, antecedence, source.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 (de lugar, persona) origin

■ ¿conoce la procedencia de este dinero? do you know where this money came from?

■ se ignora la procedencia de los detenidos the origin of the detainees is unknown

2 (de barco, tren etc) origin

3 (de comportamiento) appropriateness

\

país de procedencia country of origin

* * *

1) (=origen) source, origin

2) (=lugar de salida) [de tren, avión] point of departure; [de barco] port of origin

3) (Jur) propriety, legitimacy

4) (=conveniencia) properness

* * *

1)

a) ( origen) origin

b) ( de barco) port of origin

2) (Der) legitimacy

* * *

= descent, provenance, origin.

Ex. The editions of a work need have little in common other than descent from a common origin.

Ex. This article redefines the archival principle of provenance as the entire history of an item's origin, its use and custody.

Ex. These rules have their origins in a report by the American Library Association.

----

* de procedencia escocesa = Scottish-born.

* país de procedencia = country of origin.

* procedencia cultural = cultural background.

* procedencia étnica = ethnic background.

* procedencia geográfica = geographical origin.

* procedencia social = social background.

* procedencia socio-cultural = background.

* * *

1)

a) ( origen) origin

b) ( de barco) port of origin

2) (Der) legitimacy

* * *

* * *

1 (origen) origin

es de procedencia desconocida it's of unknown origin

se investiga la procedencia de las armas they're investigating where the weapons came from

2 (de un barco) port of origin

B ( Der) legitimacy

* * *

a) ( origen) origin

b) ( de barco) port of origin

* * *

procedencia nf

1. [origen] origin;

es de procedencia griega it's of Greek origin

2. [punto de partida] point of departure;

con procedencia de (arriving) from

3. [pertinencia] properness, appropriateness

* * *

f origin, provenance

* * *

procedencia nf

: origin, source

* * *

procedencia n origin

source.

1 fountain (de agua) (construcción).

fuente de agua potable drinking fountain

fuente termal thermal spring

2 (serving) dish (bandeja).

3 source (origen).

fuente de alimentación feed source; ( Elec) power supply (computing)

fuente de energía energy source

fuente de energía renovable renewable energy source

fuente de ingresos source of income

fuente de riqueza source of wealth

4 source.

según fuentes del ministerio de Educación,… according to Ministry of Education sources,…

fuentes oficiosas/oficiales unofficial/official sources

5 font (Imprenta).

6 spring, headspring, fountainhead, springhead.

7 drinking fountain.

8 platter, serving dish, server.

9 gas station, station.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 (manantial) spring

2 (artificial) fountain

3 (recipiente) serving dish, dish

4 figurado source

\

de buena fuente from reliable sources

de fuente fidedigna from reliable sources

* * *

1) fountain

2) spring

3) source, origin

* * *

1) (=construcción) fountain; (=manantial) spring

- abrir la fuente de las lágrimas

2) (Culin) serving dish, platter

3) (=origen) source, origin

* * *

1) ( manantial) spring

2) (construcción, monumento) fountain

- fuente de soda

3) ( plato) dish

- fuente de horno

4)

a) ( origen) source

b) ( de información) source

* * *

1) ( manantial) spring

2) (construcción, monumento) fountain

- fuente de soda

3) ( plato) dish

- fuente de horno

4)

a) ( origen) source

b) ( de información) source

* * *

fuente¹

¹ = fountain, spring, water fountain.

fuente²

² = parent, source.

fuente³

³ = platter.

fuente⁴

⁴ = font.

Nota: Conjunto de letras, signos y espacios en blanco usados en la composición de un texto.

fuente⁵

⁵ = fount of type.

* * *

A (manantial) spring

fuente termal hot o thermal spring

la fuente del río the source of the river

B (construcción, monumento) fountain

fuente de agua potable drinking fountain

wishing well

soda fountain ( AmE), snack bar

C (plato) dish

puso la carne en una fuente ovalada he put the joint on an oval (serving) dish o platter

una fuente de porcelana a china dish

ovenproof dish

1 (origen) source

la principal fuente de ingresos de esta zona the principal source of income in this region

fuente de suministro source of supply

2 (de información) source

esta enciclopedia es una buena fuente de datos this encyclopedia is a useful source of information

tenemos informaciones de buena fuente or de fuentes fidedignas we have information from reliable sources

según fuentes de toda solvencia or fuentes solventes according to reliable sources

según fuentes de la Administración according to government sources

E ( Impr) font

* * *

a) ( manantial) spring;

◊ fuente termal thermal spring

b) ( origen) source;

◊ la fuente del río the source of the river;

◊ fuente de soda (Chi, Méx) soda fountain (AmE), ( place where drinks and ice creams are bought and consumed)

◊ fuente de horno ovenproof dish

* * *

fuente nf

1. [para beber] fountain

2. [bandeja] (serving) dish

3. [de información]

fuentes oficiosas/oficiales unofficial/official sources;

según fuentes del ministerio de Educación… according to Ministry of Education sources…;

ha manejado gran número de fuentes para escribir su tesis she has made use of many sources to write her thesis

4. [origen] source;

la Biblia es la fuente de muchas obras medievales the Bible provides the source material for many medieval works

fuente de energía ecológica/limpia/renovable environmentally friendly/clean/renewable source of energy;

fuente de ingresos source of income;

fuente de riqueza source of wealth

5. [causa] cause, source;

fuente de problemas a source of problems o trouble;

la falta de higiene es fuente de infecciones lack of hygiene is a cause of infection

6. [manantial] spring

7. fuente de alimentación Elec feed source;

8. Imprenta font

* * *

1 fountain; fig

source

2 recipiente dish

3 INFOR font

4 L.Am.

bar soda fountain

* * *

fuente nf

1) manantial: spring

2) : fountain

3) origen: source

fuentes informativas: sources of information

4) : platter, serving dish

* * *

fuente n

1. (en una plaza, etc) fountain

2. (manantial) spring

3. (bandeja) dish [pl. dishes]

4. (origen) source